Get the gist
"Have the courage to use your own understanding," is therefore the motto of the Enlightenment.
六经注我。
自己判断什么重要，什么不重要。
One has to read extremely selectively and extract widespread and connected references.
It makes sense to always ask question: What is not meant, what is excluded if a certain claim is made? If someone speaks of "human rights:" What distinction is made? A distinction towards "nonhuman rights?" "Human duties?" Is it a cultural comparison or one with some historic people who didn't have the concept of human rights, but lived okay together anyway? Often, the text does not give an anaswer or a clear answer to this question. But then one has to resort to one's own imagination.
记住而没有理解，灵活运用也就无从谈起。想明白，并能用自己的语言表达时，记没记住已经不再重要。练习使用简单、准确的词语来提取他人观点，才能使其变成自己的。
With practice comes the ability to find the right words to express something in the best possible way, which means in a simple, but not simplified way.
The ability to spot patterns, to question the frames used and detect the distinctions made by others, is the precondition to thinking critically and looking behind the assertions of a text or a talk. Being able to re-frame questions, assertions and information is even more important than having an extensive knowledge, because without this ability, we wouldn't be able to put our knowledge to use.
剥离想法原来的上下文环境。